Wednesday, September 4, 2019
Hayakawa Ch. 10 :: essays research papers
Hayakawa Chapter 10 †¢Ã‚     Giving Things Names o     A differentiation set itself up, and, abstracting the common characteristics. o     The question what is it really? Or what is its right name? are nonsense questions. o     Things can only have â€Å"right names†only if there is a necessary connection between symbols and things being symbolized. o     What we call things and where we draw the line between one class of things and another depends upon the interests we have and the purpose of the classification. o     Each is useful for its purpose. o     If our culture upbringing was different, the world would look different to us. o     Also, many people can’t distinguish between like things. For example salmon, perch, pickerel, etc. They just call them â€Å"fish.†o     When we name something we are classifying. o     The individual object or event we are naming has no name and belongs to no class until we put it in one. o     The extensional meaning of a word determines a prior existence. o     In matters of â€Å"race†and â€Å"nationality†, in the way in which classifications work is especially apparent. o     The effect that each classification has upon what he may or many not do constitutes their â€Å"reality.†o     It would be exactly as justifiable to say that any person with even a small amount of â€Å"white blood†is â€Å"white†. Because the former system of classification suits the convenience of those making the classification. o     Classification isn’t a matter of identifying â€Å"essences†but it is simply a reflection of social convenience or necessity. o     As soon as the process of classification is completed, our attitudes and our conduct are determined. †¢Ã‚     The Blocked Mind o     Snap judgments suggests that such errors can be avoided by thinking more slowly; this isn’t the case, for some people think very slowly with no better results. o     What we are concerned with is the way in which we block the development of our own minds by automatic reactions. o     Some people may say, â€Å"A Jew is a Jew and there’s no getting around that.†o     They have an extensional Jew with the fictitious â€Å"Jew†inside their heads. o     The fictitious â€Å"Jew†inside their heads remains unchanged in spite of their experiences. o     Some people ignore the characteristics left out in the process of classification. †¢Ã‚     Cow 1 Is Not Cow 2 o     Practically all statements in ordinary conversation, debate, and public controversy taking the form â€Å"Republicans are Republicans†are not true. o     An example is â€Å"business is business.†The 1st business invokes denotes the transaction under discussion and the 2nd invokes the connotations of the word. o     The terms of the classification tell us what the individuals in that class have in common.
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