Internal and External Factors of any Company

Question: Write a reportabout the internal and external factors of any company. Answer: Introduction There are many internal and external factors which affect the working of any company. Every company has to consider these internal and external factors while formulating their strategies and goals and have to deal with them accordingly. These factors also have a high impact in the working of every company and is a major entity to be dealt with for of any company. The internal factors include Skills of the employees working for the organization, the quality of the staff who is working for the company as they are the face of any company, the structure of the company, systems of the company, shared values in the company which is erupted by the morals and values of the people in the company. Any company has to make sure these internal factors are properly handled by the company and is used in the best possible manner for the best interest of the company (Brinkman, 2014). There are several external factors also which affect the company like political factors, economic factors, technological factors and environmental factors. In this case study we will study the company Starbucks and understand how these internal and external factors play a major role in the company and how they impact the working of the company. We will understand the possible relevance of these internal and external factors and its current influence and future influence on the co mpany (Lu, 2013). Starbucks is a very well-known brand in the market of coffee makers and is also considered as one of the top preferred coffee brands all across the world. It is also one of the Fortune 500 companies and have develop a large customer base for itself. It deals in both hot and cold beverages. It also deals with snacks like pastries, sandwiches, etc. It is also dealing with sale of beer and juice lately. The company has to deal with many factors which affects its business and has to take necessary steps accordingly. Potential sources of internal influences: Skills: In terms of skills, it is very important that the employees of any company should have adequate skills to carry out their job in a proper manner. It is true for the food and beverage industry. Big names in the food and beverage industry has presence all over the country across different nations. It is very important that the quality of product and services has to be identical and of good quality. To ensure this it is very important that the employees are highly skills in their work and perform their work with total commitment. The margin of error in such sectors is very low. Staff: All of know that the staff of any company is the face of the company. They are the people who directly communicate with the customers and forms an image of the company in the eyes of the customers. Structure: The structure of any company decides how decisions are being made in the company and how effective is the communication across the company. If the company has too bureaucratic structure then the communication takes a lot of time and there are too many layers to cross before taking any decision. Systems: The system which is followed in any company do also hold much relevance in the functioning of the company (Karakowsky, 2015). Shared values: The values of any company do have a high impact on the working culture for any company. It is very important for any company to hold the right values and encourage the employees to follow them. Internal influences and their possible relevance to the organization The factors discussed above do hold a major relevance in the organization Starbucks. For example skills is one of the factors discussed. For Starbucks to maintain a high quality of product as well as service it is very important that the employees are properly trained and skills to perform their tasks with perfection. At the same time, it is important for Starbucks to hire the right kind of staff so that it is easy to train them and they have highest degree to dedication towards their work. Maintaining the brand value is the most important task for the company which are in the hands of the staff working for them. Then comes the structure of the company Starbucks which has a flat one. This helps them to make decisions instantly and to serve their customers in the best possible manner. Their main aim is to give their customers a great experience so they work for providing the best ambience, comfort and best coffee. The system of working in Starbucks also has a very good way of handling their work and maintain the served quality (Wetherly, 2014). The company follow high moral values and imbibe the same in their employees. They have a vision to focus on profit of its stakeholders and carry the objective of maintaining the strongest brand name. They aim to provide the best coffee experience to their customers. External Factors affecting Starbucks Political factors: for any company it is very important to understand the political factors of any region before expanding to any new geographical regions. The political parties of different regions setup different entry hurdles for the companies to do business on their land. The hurdles has to be overcome by the companies if they want to do business on foreign land and for this they need to take care of maintaining a good relation with the political parties of different regions and abide by their setup rules (Leih, 2014). Economic factors: This is yet another important external factor which every company has to keep in account while doing business as this has a direct impact in the sale of the company. For doing business in any sector it is really important for the company to understand the economic condition of the potential customers over there. According to the disposable income of the potential customers, the companies should setup their business and target the customers. This is a very important aspect to be considered before finalizing any expansion strategy by any company. There are various indicators which depicts the clear picture of the economic condition of any land. These factors include FDI, GDP, inflation, taxation system, etc. (Nobles, 2013). These are some of the financial measurements which has to be favorable for the companies before they enter any geography. Social: Another important external factor that needs to be considered by any company for doing business is to understand the social practices and social taboos in any market. There are many entities which form the social factors for any region which includes culture of the people staying over there, social environment of the people, how the society perceives different things and their reaction to new products and brands. The company has to do some market research to understand the reaction of the customers towards their products and services. Technological: Technical advancement is yet another requirement for any company before they enter a new market. The new market should be technologically advanced with new innovation under the belt, including latest technologies, expertise resources in different fields, etc. adding to this, the new market should also be in a position to make the best use of the latest technologies to ensure it is put to use to increase the output of the company (Guay, 2014). Environmental: the environmental factors should also be favorable for any company who wish to succeed in the market. They have to consider the environmental conditions of the market. For example if there is a market which is prone to earthquakes or drought, then the company will hesitate to invest in such an area. The region should not be prone ti natural disasters, natural calamities, etc (Grhan, 2016). Legal factors: Along with political differences, different markets have different legal requirements and the company has to follow those legal commitments and work accordingly. These regulations are setup by the government of the region and all the companies has to follow these guidelines while doing business in the region (Babajana, 2015). External Influence and their possible relevance to the organization (Starbucks) Political factors: The main market for Starbucks is the USA market and they have done a good job to remain aligned with the political situation there. In fact the political situation in USA supports the growth of Starbucks in its States. This factor does hold a relevance for the growth of the company. If the political situation in any region does not encourage foreign investment in food and beverage industry, then it will be an issue for Starbucks but till now the company did not have to face any such difficulty (Qian, 2016). Economic Factors: Starbucks has already a very good presence in the US and European market and they are doing really good as the economic condition in US and Europe is good. They have now started to expand their business to the ASIA region and they are doing a good job here as well as these developing countries have also started to improve their economic factors. The disposable income for the people in the major markets like US and Europe is high and hence Starbucks is enjoying these markets (Zhang, 2015). Social Factors: Again, the social and cultural factors for US and Europe is favorable for the company Starbucks and help them to grow in these markets. The lifestyle, attitude, education and customer preferences of the people of US and Europe makes Starbucks as the best choice for them to grow. Most of the people choose Starbucks as their vendor for buying coffee every day and hence this is a habit which Starbucks has been successful to seed inside their customers. The customers economic conditions and willingness to spend over coffee has helped to grow Starbucks (Loong, 2014). Technological Factors: Well, Starbucks needs to use the advanced technology in the agricultural sector as this is the area which needs improvement so that the quality of the seeds and the time in which we get them gets better. In rest of the areas the company is doing well in using the latest technology and maintaining food Customer relations (Pangarkar, 2015). Environmental factors: There are a lot of natural disasters happening around the globe so the company needs to be careful enough in selecting their target country for expansion (Morais, 2014). Legal factors: The legal rules and regulations in US and Europe is in the favor of the company and they do not have to face much difficulty (Jang, 2013). Future relevance of the factors identified These factors identified also have a future relevance in terms of the company performance as these factors will hold relevant in the times of come as well. The company has to build their future strategies keeping in mind these factors and they have to plan accordingly (WORKS, 2016). For example before extending to a new market in future the company has to keep in mind its political situation, economic situation, environmental status, etc. References Brinkman, J., Navarro, I., Harper, D. (2014). Unlocking the business environment. Routledge. Lu, F. (2013). Enhancing Cross-cultural Competence of Advanced Chinese LearnersStrategies in Teaching Business Chinese at the College Level. Karakowsky, L., Guriel, N. (2015). The Context of Business: Understanding the Canadian Business Environment. Wetherly, P., Otter, D. (2014). The business environment: themes and issues in a globalizing world. Oxford University Press. Leih, S., Linden, G., Teece, D. (2014). Business model innovation and organizational design: a dynamic capabilities perspective. Nobles, T. L., Mattison, B. L., Matsumura, E. M. (2013). Horngren's Financial Managerial Accounting: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Nobles, T. L., Mattison, B. L., Matsumura, E. M. (2013). Horngren's Financial Managerial Accounting: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed. Schroeder, H. M. (2015). Knowledge, learning and development for success in the new business environment: an art and science approach. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal, 29(5), 10-12. Guay, T. R. (2014). The Business Environment of Europe: Firms, Governments, and Institutions. Cambridge University Press. Lee, Y. C. (2013, July). The strategy of mission statement to build staff working value-A case study of Starbucks. In Service Systems and Service Management (ICSSSM), 2013 10th International Conference on (pp. 487-489). IEEE. Grhan-Canli, Z., Hayran, C., Sarial-Abi, G. (2016). Customer-based brand equity in a technologically fast-paced, connected, and constrained environment. AMS Review, 1-10. Babajana, Z., Hughes, A. (2015). Business Environment. Iyer, G. R., Grewal, D., Javalgi, R., Radulovich, L. (2015). Franchise Expansion into International Markets: The Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Knowledge Resources. In Cultural Perspectives in a Global Marketplace (pp. 120-121). Springer International Publishing. Qian, Y. A. N. G., Xing, T. U. (2016). Starbucks VS Chinese TeaStarbucks Brand Management Strategy Analysis in China. International Business and Management, 12(1), 29-32. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2016). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Zhang, K., Chien, N., Ma, A. (2015). BUSINESS 478 Section D100. Yee-Loong Chong, A., Ooi, K. B., Bao, H., Lin, B. (2014). Can e-business adoption be influenced by knowledge management? An empirical analysis of Malaysian SMEs. Journal of Knowledge Management, 18(1), 121-136. Pangarkar, N. (2015). Performance implications of strategic changes: An integrative framework. Business horizons, 58(3), 295-304. JuChiang, W., Chen, J. K., FungWu, T. (2014). The Open Innovation of Caf Chain Stores and Its Influence on the Business Model. Morais, U. P., Pena, J., Shacket, K., Sintilus, L., Ruiz, R., Rivera, Y., Mujtaba, B. G. (2014). Managing Diverse Employees at Starbucks: Focusing on Ethics and Inclusion. International Journal of Learning and Development, 4(3), 35-50. Li, X. (2015). Impacts of Business Strategies on Coffee Production and the Environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6(5), 405. Jang, Y. J., Jung, E. C. (2013). Studies on the Design Marketing Strategies in the Experiential Economy through the Case Study of the Starbucks Company. In Design, User Experience, and Usability. Web, Mobile, and Product Design (pp. 30-36). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. WORKS, H. (2016). Starbucks Mission: Social Responsibility and Brand Strength. Education.

Introduction of Information and Communication Technology

Question: Describe about the Introduction of Information and Communication Technology. Answer: In this project, the topic Technology and Social Isolation was chosen with an aim of investigating the consequence of the technological progression on the social existence of the contemporary society. The topic is one of the most provocative issues in todays times, and is an all-comprising one. No one is left out from the effects of the advancement of technology. Therefore, it is important to understand how technology is effecting out daily lives positively or negatively. We also need to find out how to properly use the technologies for further progression of the society, and if there is any negative influence then an attempt to find a solution to that is required. As stated by Khosravi, Rezvani and Wiewiora (2016) the broad employment of technology and the societal isolation amongst the public is directly related with each other. Two diverse opinions can be talked about in this context. As stated by Yao and Zhong (2014) these two elements are characteristically dependent on one ano ther. Many researchers argue that the advancements have restricted social interaction; however the advancements have also made the public self-sufficient, says Khurshid and Gul (2014). As argued by Chen and Schulz (2016) the latest technologies have pushed us nearer to our associates and the community in general. With the introduction of internet, we have received the chance to unite with our far-away acquaintances and relations more swiftly and recurrently. As discussed by Campbell (2014) and Mahmoudi, Amini and Hosseinzadeh (2014), in numerous contexts it has been observed that the latest technologies have assisted the public in networking and participating in considerable social uprisings. The main objective of this project was to find out how information and communication technology, especially the internet influences the common people. The approach taken here is its effect on the older adults. Researchers generally opine that technology advancements affect the society negatively. However, this project reports approach shows a positive side of it and examines a matter on which either very less amount of research has been done or the research conducted have not been able to provide a proper conclusion on the advantage or disadvantage of these advancements. The project has been done keeping in mind the sense of loneliness and social isolation prevalent in older adults. The older adults, especially the ones residing in assisted and independent living communities are detached from the outside world and their social ties. The advancements of technology are unknown to them, and thus, they are not able to utilize that for their benefit. Due to the isolated feeling, they experience health issues creeping in along with a detrimental effect on their well-being, and their mortality risks increase. Therefore, to make use of a disruptive technology in a productive way, introduction of information and communication technology is recommended. It reduces the distance between them and their social connections. Cottons (2013) analysis on the impact of internet usage on senior citizens is taken as a guideline for this project. The study comprises of analyses of various experts of this subject, who examine the risk factors and recommend solutions for the same. Topic or Problem Analysis As people age with time, they lose connection with their social contacts due to various reasons. Due to this break in connection, they start feeling an increased sense of loneliness and social isolation. It results in increased mortality risks and rising death rates among older adults. Various psychological resources are provided for them to support this feeling of them, and develop their well-being and healthiness. One such recommended solution is information and communication technology. Introduction of this technology would help reduce the sense of loneliness among the senior citizens. They might feel more connected by using this technology as it reduces the distance between them and their social network. Chen and Schulz (2016) state that information and communication technology, in most cases, served as a useful approach for the older adults to remain in touch with others and extend their social connections. It is imperative to make a note of that older adults use of latest techn ologies and Internet especially improved their social associations. This approach is researched elaborately in this project, finding solutions for the issue of increase in mortality risks among elderly people. Social isolation in general is an untested concept. The incomplete inspection of the concept as a multidimensional paradigm may possibly be a consequence of the deficiency of a proper scale along with limited data. However, some researches show that with proper training, the elderly can benefit from information and communication technology interventions. Furthermore, customized trainings are required for the elderly, as they face certain physical, social and spatial barriers. There are diverse methods by which information and communication technologies affect various types of isolation and social assistance amongst the older adults. Further Developments or Solution Ideas The greater part of the evaluated reports tested the Information and Communication Technology interference as a one-time solution. Research showed that the mitigation provided for social isolation and loneliness in the form of Information and Communication technology is a short-term one. Therefore, the generalization potential of the outcome is narrow. Further assessment is required to check their applicability. In addition, the outcome of certain analyses put forward that information and communication technology usage does not promise quality of communication. As a result, exploring how to employ information and communication technology for producing quality communication among the senior people and others could be a potential topic for future studies on loneliness and social separation. This evaluation widened the investigation of the obtainable social isolation interferences and their efficiency and assisted to better accomplish the purpose of the research. Further specifics and data are required to exhibit that even though Information and Communication Technology and increased internet usage is detrimental for the social interactions, it can be utilized in a positive manner to solve the same issue it creates, i.e., social isolation See Figure 1 to see a graph of the percentage of the internet users in each age group who use social networking sites, over time. It shows that the elder people age group of 65+ showed an inclined growth in internet usage. It can be understood that with time the usage of internet has multiplied among the older adults age group and a surge has been noted. It means that the introduction of information and communication technology among this age group would benefit the community as a whole, by improving the connectivity between the adults and their social ties. Conclusion Social isolation and loneliness are amongst risk aspects that have harmful effects on older adults health. It is thus imperative to enhance understanding of this concern within society and suggest substitute answers to lessen the influence of social isolation amongst the seniors. A variety of technologies is being employed to present health care to the elderly. Large quantities of research points out that ICT practice might assist older adults retain contact with social links with relations happening both online and offline. Internet usage can also lessen the influence of geographic distance for senior citizens, with scattered families, more and more utilizing the Internet as the prime medium of communication by which they maintain generational connections. There is an immaculate correlation involving technology and social isolation in older adults, especially those living in assisted and independent living communities. Thoughts about loneliness instead of social isolation elements were established to be a critical risk factor for escalating mortality in older adults. Understanding properly the characteristics of this relationship might help to develop the condition of life and existence, particularly in older adults. Making use of the Internet among senior citizens in assisted and independent living communities might be advantageous for lessening loneliness and multiplying social connection. Conclusions point out that Internet usage is connected with lower stages of loneliness amongst inhabitants of assisted and independent living communities. Furthermore, among the common public, employing the Internet to sustain contact with relatives and acquaintances has been related with welfare, further presenting defense for the proposal that be ing available online can possibly be advantageous for older population. Supporting senior citizens to start exploiting the Internet to correspond with others might be of assistance to improve social contact and reduce loneliness. As formal care communities are capable of encouraging social commitment between inhabitants, sustaining subsisting Information and Communication Technology programs and starting fresh ones in groups without the same may well be favorable for nurturing associations among inhabitants in addition to with other people in their public networks. The conducted review has recommended a requirement for further well-formulated research on the consequence of information and communication technology interferences on the social segregation of older adults. Information and communication technology, on the whole, is a potential device for dealing with loneliness and social detachment of the older adults, except it is not in favor of each senior. Researches recognizing whom among the senior citizens can most profit from information and communication technology usage and how the guidance and execution of such interference must be modified to make the most of its consequence presents immense value for experimental practice. Additionally, with the swift growth of information and communication technology, the efficiency of other sorts of interferences (like, cell phone-based immediate texting applications and YouTube videos) in diminishing social loneliness and isolation ought to be empirically scrutinized. Outcomes of such study can make possible inventive and effectual practice of information and communication technology-based social loneliness and isolation interferences for adult people. The main agenda of this report was to find a way to use the technology, that creates distance between people, to create a connection between the communities. Extensive research and available resources showed that older adults suffer from social isolation and loneliness, and it affects their health and social well-being. Thus, their community was the best option were implementation of the advanced technology would bring success in terms of reduction in mortality risks and improved social connections among the populace. Information and communication technology (ICT), along with other technologies, as suggested by some researchers, are the best solutions to this problem. We are all aware of the negative impacts of technology, and the role it plays in creating social isolation. However, using the same technology in solving the issue it creates, even if in a different community or age group, is a good example of proper utilization of resources and advancements. Finally, the older adults do not have to feel left out anymore. They now have a way to remain up-to-date and in contact with their social ties. References Campbell, T.A., 2014. iPads, iPods and Technology-Enabled Isolation: If Were So Connected, Why are We so Alone?.GSTF Journal of Music (JMusic),1(1). Chen, Y. R. R., Schulz, P. J. (2016). The effect of information communication technology interventions on reducing social isolation in the elderly: A systematic review.Journal of medical Internet research,18(1). Cotten, S. R., Anderson, W. A., McCullough, B. M. (2013). Impact of internet use on loneliness and contact with others among older adults: cross-sectional analysis.Journal of Medical Internet Research,15(2). Khosravi, P., Rezvani, A., Wiewiora, A. (2016). The impact of technology on older adults social isolation.Computers in Human Behavior,63, 594-603. Khurshid, B., Gul, F. (2014). RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNET USAGE AND SOCIAL ISOLATION: STUDY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PAKISTAN.International Journal of Management and Computing Sciences (IJMCS),4(3-4), 45. Mahmoudi, I., Amini, A., Hosseinzadeh, A. (2014). The role of the internet in social isolation of the university students.Advances in Environmental Biology, 871-879. Yao, M. Z., Zhong, Z. J. (2014). Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study.Computers in Human Behavior,30, 164-170.

Affirmative Action be Continued but with Changes

Personal Belief Essay Topics

Personal Belief Essay TopicsWhat are personal belief essay topics? It is a basic fact that there are a variety of topics which are used to write essays. In this article, we will give you a few examples of personal belief essay topics.First of all, the most common topic is the general introduction of a topic. This is basically the introduction which tells about the general purpose of the essay. The general introduction usually begins with a disclaimer that the essay is not related to any particular subject. This way, people can focus on the content of the essay.Second, some topics are very long and elaborate. These are generally about personal beliefs, such as spiritual issues or other such topics. This means that they tend to go over various aspects of one's beliefs, such as history, philosophies, etc.Third, the next type of essay is called the research essay. In this type of essay, there is a requirement for background information about a particular topic.Fourth, another type of ess ay is the comparison essay. In this type of essay, the reader has to compare two similar topics in order to make their own personal conclusion.Fifth, the topic that people generally use to write an essay on is religion. In this topic, there is a need for the reader to demonstrate their knowledge of a particular subject by including all the relevant facts in the essay.Sixth, the topic is often used to help people express their views about a particular subject. For example, if you are writing an essay on the Bible, you would need to include a biblical quote or the verses of a Bible story to explain what your views are.Now that you know that there are different types of topics for essays, you need to make sure that you are aware of what is what when it comes to writing an essay. Do not be afraid to write about anything you want, as long as you have learned how to do it properly.

Death of Silas Deane essays

Death of Silas Deane essays Silas Deane was a very ambitious man. He went from the son of a blacksmith, to a lawyer, to a business man, and then entered himself into the political world. He served on Connecticut's Committee of Correspondence and in later years as a delegate to the first and second Continental Congress. During this time he won much respect from prominent leaders such as Robert Morris, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay. In 1776 Congress decided to send Deane as a representative from the colonies over to France. His aim was to buy much needed military supplies for the Revolutionary cause. However, during his service as Minister Plenipotentiary he ran into many problems. He was accused of taking advantage of his power to make himself a large fortune. He denied it but congress still decided to take away his title as Minister Plenipotentiary. Then, in 1781, some of his letters to friends were found that stated that he thought that America should go in a more peaceful direction and try to make things better with England. But being that America had already won by the time these letters were found he was thought to be a traitor. Hence then Deane could no longer reside in America, and he couldn't go to England because that would confirm all accusation of him being a traitor. He also could not reside in France because he had earlier accused King Louis XVI of aiding Americans for selfish reasons. So he opted to find exile in Flanders. Deanes life in Flanders was a sad one. He spent his days with no friends and no money and after some years when he felt that the controversy had died down he decided to move to England where he didn't end up living any happier then he did in Flanders. Then finally a few years later Deane decided to move back to America so he purchased a ticket to board the Boston Packet and set sail. While on the ship Deane died. Sources say that he had complained of dizziness and pains in his stomach earlier that day and ...

Leadership and service improvement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Leadership and service improvement - Essay Example It barely comes as a shock that the working conditions in most nursing systems are wanting. My work area is no different. I work as a National Health Service nurse in a Short Stay Ward. We keep patients at the ward for a maximum of seventy two hours before we discharge them or transfer them elsewhere if need be. Of late we have adopted a QCC drive to carry out the function of patient observations for the first twenty four hours of their admission at intervals of four hours each. Thereafter the nurses are required to apply their professional intellect and decide how often the patients need observation. My unit of fellow nurses and I decided that eight-hour-intervals would be quite appropriate for patient observations for the next forty eight hours of their admission. All our patient observations go into the database to enable the Trust note when we complete them on time and when we fail to as well. Failure of which, a fine is charged on all the nurses by the QCC. The system perceives itself to be foolproof and top-notch, needless to mention. The reality is quite the contrar y. Despite our commitment to the working of this system, it has proven to be problematic. Here is why. After a much-needed debate for a reasonable amount of time, my unit and I decided that our first patient observations during the initial twenty four hours which are to be done at eight-hour intervals would be at 6:00 hours and 14:00 hours respectively. As for the latter patient observations at four-hour intervals, we agreed upon 6:00 hours, 10:00 hours, 14:00 hours, 18:00 hours, 22:00 hours and 2:00 hours in that order. The rest of the hours are appropriate but for 6:00 hours, which is undoubtedly a challenge. First off, the patients do need their rest. Waking them up at 6:00 hours in the morning for their routine observations certainly does not help this aspect of their recovery. It is deemed problematic and causes a disturbance to the patients a lot more than it helps. As if

Death is a Social Construct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Death is a Social Construct - Essay Example With death the bond between the spirit and the physical being is dissolved. As per the Webster's dictionary the "social constructs" can be stated as a social mechanism, phenomenon, or category created and developed by society; a perception of an individual, group, or idea that is constructed via cultural and/or social practice. Death is not a social construct in the literal sense as people do die whether the society wants them to or not. The rituals associated with death and the meaning that every group gives to this concept differs from society to society and culture to culture. This meaning is created and developed by the society and the religion that they practice. For example: Hindu's believe in seven lives, thus when a person in their community dies they believe that he will be reborn. On the other hand, Muslims believe in life after death not rebirth. Both religions have very different ways of tending to the dead; the Hindu's burn the dead while the Muslims bury them. From this we can see the way society and social constructs have affected the concept of death but not death itself. Death traditions take longer to change. The changes in the recent past have come from the grass roots. Phillipe Aries's classic The Hour of Our Death (1982) has categorized deaths evolution into five categories. Death used to be a part of every community, this was when communities were small and close knitted. The death rituals were personal as well as public but nowadays death has entered the invisible era. Here death is kept a secret and nobody talks about it, it is a taboo to mention it. In Phillipe's book the five eras of death mentioned are: tame death, death of self, remote and imminent death, death of the other and invisible death. The society we live in finds it necessary to anthropomorphize the death and project it categories and relations. Every religion has some degree of anthropomorphizing of the concept of death; just the intensity with which it is instilled in every religion differs. We find a need to rationalize the concept, to face reality and this is done from two basic sources: first is the anthropomorphic character, which is that we continue to exist even though somebody has died. The second source is the social institutions that make people face reality through the socialization process. They make them think logically and legitimately. Social institutions that control the concept of death can not loose sight of the biological being. The biology of an individual limits the reality constructing activities. The survivors blur the difference between the dead and the living especially when they have recently lost a loved one. An example to explain this would be that of the European peasant cultures feed ing the returning soul. This refers to the symbolic form of eating as the soul can not eat the same way a live person can. If this was to be the case than the soul would have to have some features which can enable this act, this is negated by experience. (Berta, 1960) In the article by Derek Edwards, Malcolm Ashmore and Jonathan Potter, death and furniture are represented as arguments which go against the relativism to extremes. Death has two versions, the bad version, which is focused on the misery and the tragedy associated with death. This version of death is directly linked to